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Tibetan calligraphy refers to the calligraphic traditions used to write the Tibetan language. As in other parts of East Asia, nobles, high lamas, and persons of high rank were expected to have high abilities in calligraphy. However, unlike calligraphy in China, Japan, and Korea, calligraphy was done using a reed pen as opposed to a brush. Nevertheless, East Asian influence is apparent visually, as Tibetan calligraphy is at times more free-flowing than calligraphy involving the descendants of other Brahmi scripts. Given the overriding religious nature of Tibetan culture, many of the traditions in calligraphy come from religious texts, and most Tibetan scribes have a monastic background.〔https://tashimannox.com/index.php/tibetan-calligraphy/about-the-artist〕 ==Styles== A variety of different styles of calligraphy existed in Tibet: * The Uchen (, "headed"; also transliterated as ''uchan'' or ''dbu-can'') style of the Tibetan script is marked by heavy horizontal lines and tapering vertical lines, and is the most common script for writing in the Tibetan language, and also appears in printed form because of its exceptional clarity. When handwritten, it is the most basic form of calligraphy, and must be mastered before moving onto other styles.〔http://www.kimsch.net/Tibetan%20Calligraphy.pdf〕 * * Ngatar ( 前宏期) development * * * Toad 蟾体 - the initial Thonmi Sambhota edition * * * Liezhuan 列砖体 * * * Xiongji 雄鸡体 * * * Ke 稞体 * * * Chuanzhu 串珠体 * * * Qianglang 蜣螂体 * * * Yuyue 鱼跃体 * * * Tengshi 腾狮体 * * Qitar ( 后宏期) development * * * Sarqung or chung (standard ujain; ) * * * Sugring * * * Sugtung * * * Sarqên * The umê (, "headless"; or ''ume'') style is a more cursive script which can be seen in daily correspondence and in other day-to-day life. The feature which distinguishes it the most from ''u-chan'' is the lack of the horizontal lines on the top of letters. * The bêcug (; or ''betsu'') style is a narrow, cursive variant of ''umê'' in squarish shape. * The ''zhuza'' (; or ''drutsa'') style is a variant of ''umê'' but with ''ujain'' vowel symbol. * * curve-leg zhuza * * straight-leg zhuza * * short-leg zhuza * * * 棱体 * * * 粒体 * The ''cugtung'' (; or ''tsugtung'') style is shortened, abbreviated variant of ''u-me'', traditionally used for commentaries. * * Yi style 伊体 * * Xiong style 雄体 * The ''cugrin'' ( 徂仁体) style * The ''kyug'yig'' (, "fast letters"; or ''chuyig'') is a highly abbreviated, fluid, cursive version of ''u-me''. It is a common form of handwriting for notes and personal letters. * * general cursive 小草 * * extremely cursive 大草 * The ''cug-ma-kyug''yig style - a style halfway between ''cug'yig'' and ''kyug'yig'' * The ''gyug'yig'' () style 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tibetan calligraphy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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